The Effects Of Drug Abuse On Children - 1713 Words

Section A: According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIH), inhalants are not classified on the drug schedule due to the difficulty of regulating the numerous products that can be inhaled or ingested (National Institute on Drug Abuse, date accessed 9/8/16). Most of the drugs that are being inhaled are aerosols, solvents, and gases that are found in many household products (National Institute on Drug Abuse, date accessed 9/8/16). There is a classification system used when talking about inhalants, the classification system is as follows: volatile solvents, aerosols, gases, and nitrates. Some common drugs that are inhaled are: spray paint, markers, glue, cleaning fluids, paint thinners, gasoline, vegetable oil spray, aerosol computer†¦show more content†¦The current use in the United States is very prevalent in adolescent teens, researchers Brandon Nakawaki and William Crano, inhalants are predominately a â€Å"kid drug† (Nakawaki Crano, 2015). The scope of the problem wa s researched by Nakawaki and Crano (2015), adolescents reported the most usage of inhalant drugs than any other age group or demographic (Nakawaki Crano, 2015). Inhalant use is a very popular drug for teens in today’s society. Section C: The National Institute on Drug Abuse list four main types of inhalants: volatile solvents, aerosols, gases, and nitrates (National Institute on Drug Abuse, date accessed 9/8/16). Volatile solvents are liquids that vaporize at room temperature (e.g. paint thinners, markers, and glue). Aerosols are sprays that contain propellants (e.g. deodorant sprays, vegetable oil sprays, aerosol computer cleaner, spray paint). Gases can be found in household or commercial products (e.g. butane lighters, whipped cream aerosols, and refrigerant gases). Nitrates are sexual enhancers (e.g. cyclohexyl, butyl, room odorizer and leather cleaner). Most of the drugs listed are administered by the process of inhalation which can be indicated by the name inhalants. Sniffing and huffing are the two most common forms of administration but bagging is also popular. Sniffing is when you sniff the chemical from an open container, huffingShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Drug Abuse On Children752 Words   |   4 PagesDrug abuse in children is an epidemic in America. A report done in 2013, showed that 8.8% of children, ages 12 to 17 were illicit drug abusers. (Administration, 2013) In the article, Number of Siblings and Intellectual Development, The Resource Dilution Explanation, Douglas B. Downey, explains the lasting effects limited resources retain on a child. Downey, claims as the number of siblings in a family increases, parental resources begin to lessen. In my next article, Childhood socio-economic statusRead MoreEssay on Effects of Parental Drug Abuse on Children1750 Words   |  7 PagesHeather Swenson Mandy Jesser English Composition I 1 May 2013 Effects of Parental Drug Abuse on Their Children As soon as birth, children are exposed to new things; new life experiences that will develop the path of which direction their life will take. Adolescence is the most important time in a child’s life because it is where they learn appropriate behavior from their family and the outside world. Some children are able to use these experiences to differentiate at an early age what isRead MoreVictimless Crime1282 Words   |  6 Pagesillegal act that is felt to have no direct or identifiable victim. Drug possession and usage is considered to be a type of victimless crime. Libertarianism says the government is set up to offer protection for each of us against the initiation of force by others. They say this gives us the â€Å"moral space† in which to live our own lives in our own chosen way-even if that means choosing to use drugs. A person under the influence of illegal drugs is known to cause damage to themselves, other people or propertyRead MoreEffects Of Parental Addict ion On Children1457 Words   |  6 Pages THE EFFECTS PARENTAL ADDICTIONS HAVE ON CHILDREN Alexis Holcomb The cost of alcohol and substance abuse in the United States reaches heights of four hundred eighty four billion dollars per year (â€Å"Magnitude†). That’s about seven hundred eighty times the amount it cost to diagnose and treat sexually transmitted diseases in the year 2000 (Chesson). The sole purpose of this is not to persuade you one way or the other on this topic. Nor is the purpose to apologize for this social issueRead MoreSubstance Use Disorders ( Suds )1720 Words   |  7 Pageshas been accomplished and has determined that children raised by substance using parents are at an increased risk for developing substance use disorders (SUDs) in adulthood as a result of familial dissemination of substance abuse through both the environments in which the children are raised and genetic susceptibility (Merikangas et al., 1998; Merikangas Avenevoli, 2000). Unfortunately, there is an insignificant amount of literature examining the effects that the combined treatment an d recovery ofRead MoreHow Can Kids Best Be Convinced Not For Do Drugs?1115 Words   |  5 PagesTo Do Drugs? Drugs have been a rapidly growing problem for kids and teenagers over the years. Though there is no sure way to prevent the use of them, there are many precautions that can be taken to reduce, or eliminate the chances. The effects of taking drugs is far too dangerous to sit back and ignore. There are things that can be done today to prevent drug abuse among children in the future. The most common way to prevent drug abuse is simply by being educated on the dangers and effects of themRead MorePrevention of Adolescent Drug Addictions1408 Words   |  6 PagesPrevention of Adolescent Drug Addictions Abstract Drug addictions among today’s adolescent is climbing to an all-time high rate. Parents need to become more proactive in the prevention of their children becoming addicted to drugs. However, parents alone cannot handle this overwhelming task, the local schools and the community will need to take action also. Together this is a possible task, team work and consistency will prevail and save adolescents from being drug addicts. Read MoreAdhd and Substance Abuse1392 Words   |  6 PagesADHD and Substance Abuse                                                                                                           Ã‚                    Ã‚                  The Evidence Of Substance Abuse With ADHD                                       The purpose of this paper is to identify the link between ADHD and substance abuse. Substance abuse is a true threat to people who are diagnosed  with psychological disorders. Among the questions of precursors to substance abuse, lies the hypothesis that individuals diagnosed with Attention Deficit HyperactivityRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Drug Abuse1366 Words   |  6 Pagesexplained that drug abuse towards marijuana, Vicodin, amphetamines, cough medicine, and sedatives are a growing problem in teens. Various types of drugs are used by teens for numerous reasons, including recreation, relaxation, relieving pain, or because the teen population has depicted the use of drugs as â€Å"cool†. Drug abuse in teens is a behavior that can cause many consequences to develop in one’s life. Casa Palmera Staff (2009) pointed out that drug abuse in teens can cause severe health effects, emotionalRead MoreDivorce And Th e Divorce Rate Essay1537 Words   |  7 Pages2015). With this rising divorce rate, more children are living between parents, or in single family homes, and many of these children have been exposed to altercations between parents, as well as rough custody battles and divorce settlements. Traumatic experiences like these are highly likely to stick with children of divorce throughout their life, especially if the child is older at the time of the divorce. Compared to children of divorced families, children of non-divorced families are not exposed

Holiday Travel Vehicles System Analysis - Free Sample Solution

Question: 1. Explain the techniques that you have used to investigate the new automated information system for the case study organization and the reasons for choosing them? Answer: Introduction The report is describing the Holiday Travel Vehicles (HTV) System. Holiday Travel Vehicles sells new recreational vehicles and travel trailers. The report is describing the complete management system of Holiday Travel Vehicles (HTV) by using UML diagrams. The domain class model is showing the objects, classes and attributes which are being used in the Holiday Travel Vehicles (HTV) system. Without domain class model; the system will not be developed. Thus every model is necessary to describe and implement a good system. Activity diagram shows the workflow of every process of the entire system graphically while the system sequence diagram shows every aspect like actors, events, their order and complete flow of events of the entire system. The report is describing the changes in the previous system also. There were some drawbacks in the previous system. Only one person was able to access the system at a time in previous system which was a bottleneck for the system. That is why the new system has some changes. In new system, every authorised person can login to the system and can access the system. Every person has no right to update database. Only authorized persons can access the system which will improve the performance of the system and will reduce redundancy. Techniques to Investigate New Automated Information System There are some techniques which used generally in the investigations of information systems- Observing Analysing Formal Interviews Questionnaire In analysing the Holiday Travel Vehicles (HTV) System, Observing and analysing technique has been used because in formal interviews and questionnaire, staff members are required of the Holiday Travel Vehicles (HTV) System are required for investigation. Analysing and Observing techniques are used because for these techniques, the data is sufficient. We have proper document and explanation of the previous system by which we can analyse the drawbacks of the previous system. The case study is clearly showing the drawback of the previous system, which is very useful to implement new proposed system. That is why Analysing and Observing techniques are best in analysing Holiday Travel Vehicles (HTV) System. Use Case Diagram Use Case Diagram is showing the complete behaviour of the Holiday Travel Vehicles (HTV) system. The use case diagram shows all the internal and external users of the system. It is showing all the process and all the users of the HTV system. (TechTarget 2015)(uml-diagrams.org 2014) Domain Model Class Diagram The domain class model is the conceptual model. The above domain class model is showing the objects, classes and attributes which are being used in the Holiday Travel Vehicles (HTV) system. It is describing all constrains in the system for all cases. It is not showing the solution of the problems which will occur in the HTV system. (Scott W. Ambler, 2014)(Microsoft 2015) Activity Diagram The Activity diagram shows the complete graphical representation of workflow of all the activities in the system. It shows each and every step of the activity and shows all constrains and validations for each activity differently. The above diagram is showing all activities with all possible conditions in the Holiday Travel Vehicles (HTV) system. (Microsoft 2015)(Sparx System Pty Ltd. 2015) System Sequence Diagram The system sequence diagram shows all the actors, events, their order and complete flow of events of the system. It can show the complete flow of the use case of the system. The above diagram is showing all actors, events and their order in the Holiday Travel Vehicles (HTV) system. It is showing the objects required in the HTV system and the events held between them and the order of the events in which it will occur. (Microsoft Corporation 2015) (IBM.com n.d.)(Sourcemaking.com n.d) One object is Customer, one is Salesperson and another one is HTV System, is being displayed in the above system sequence diagram. Every flow between these objects is clearly visible in the diagram which is very useful to understand the flow of the system. Conclusion The report of Holiday Travel Vehicles (HTV) System is defining the complete understand of the system. It is showing use case diagram, class diagram, activity diagram and sequence diagram. Every class, object and attributes which are necessary to implement the system are defined by class diagram and every case which can be occurred to implement the best system is defined in the report. The new system has some changes than previous system. Only one person was able to access the system at a time in previous system which was a bottleneck for the system. That is why the new system has some changes. In new system, every authorised person can login to the system and can access the system. Every person has no right to update database. Only authorized persons can access the system which will improve the performance of the system and will reduce redundancy. Some assumptions are made in creating the new proposed system like that all employees have to sign in into the system and after login the employee can do any work into the system. Every employee will have its own session; therefore any number of employees can work on the system at a time and only authorised person will have right to access the system; this will reduce all the drawbacks of the system. References [1] Microsoft Corporation 2015, Create a UML Sequence Diagram, Viewed on 18th Jan 2015 https://office.microsoft.com/en-in/visio-help/create-a-uml-sequence-diagram-HP001208871.aspx [2] Microsoft 2015, UML Activity Diagrams: Guidelines, Viewed on 18th Jan 2015 https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd409465.aspx [3] uml-diagrams.org 2014, UML Use Case Diagrams, Viewed on 18th Jan 2015 https://www.uml-diagrams.org/use-case-diagrams.html [4] Scott W. Ambler 2014, UML2 Class Diagrams: An Agile Introduction, Viewed on 18th Jan 2015 https://www.agilemodeling.com/artifacts/classDiagram.htm [5] Sparx System Pty Ltd. 2015, UML2 Activity Diagram: An Agile Introduction, Viewed on 18th Jan 2015 https://www.sparxsystems.com/resources/uml2_tutorial/uml2_activitydiagram.html [6] Microsoft 2015, UML Class Diagrams: Reference, Viewed on 18th Jan 2015 https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd409437.aspx [7] TechTarget 2015, Use Case Diagram, Viewed on 18th Jan 2015 https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/use-case-diagram [8] IBM.com n.d., UML Basics: The Sequence Diagram, Viewed on 18th Jan 2015 https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/rational/library/3101.html [9] Sourcemaking.com n.d., Sequence Diagrams, Viewed on 18th Jan 2015 https://sourcemaking.com/uml/modeling-business-systems/external-view/sequence-diagrams

Dengue Fever Essay Example

Dengue Fever Essay In subtropical and tropical regions, the dengue virus represents a major threat to human health. The microorganisms natural hosts include mosquitoes, lower primates, and humans. Infection of the human host results in a biphasic fever with the potential to evolve into severe hemorrhagic disease. Over the past few decades, the virus genome structure, viral proteins, and viral antigens have been well characterized. Unfortunately though, the precise mechanisms by which the dengue virus causes disease remain unknown. Throughout history, major dengue fever epidemics have generally occurred at irregular intervals within the range of the mosquito vector. For instance, in 1922, one such epidemic may have affected between 1 and 2 million people in the southern United States. At present, dengue fever may cause more human morbidity and mortality than any other arthropod-borne viral disease (Henchal Putnak, 1990, pp. 376-396). The dengue viruses are currently endemic in most tropical areas of the world (Lanciotti, Lewis, Gubler, Trent, 1994, p. 65). It has been estimated that there could be as many as 100 million cases of dengue infection every year (Halstead, 1988, p. 476). The only natural hosts for dengue virus infections are mosquitoes, lower primates (e. g. , chimpanzees, rhesus monkeys, and macaques), and humans. Dengue Fever Dengue fever is a flu-like viral disease common throughout the tropical and sub-tropical regions around the world, mainly in urban and peri-urban areas. Today, it afflicts an estimated 50 million to 100 million in the tropics (Epstein, 2000). The virus has four antigenically related serotypes, which are named DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3, and DEN-4. We will write a custom essay sample on Dengue Fever specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Dengue Fever specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Dengue Fever specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Each dengue serotype is a variation of the flavivrus genus. Dengue is spread by the aedes aegypti, a domestic, day-biting mosquito that prefers to bite humans. Currently, there is no vaccine available to prevent dengue. Each type of the dengue virus is re-emerging worldwide, especially in the Western Hemisphere. Research has shown that several factors are contributing to the resurgence of dengue fever such as uncontrolled urbanization, increased international travel, substandard socio-economical conditions, and finally global warming. Global warming has shown to be a major contributor o the spread of dengue fever. On a molecular level, dengue fever is classified as a flavivirus and appears as a spherical particle, about 40 to 50 nanometers in diameter Dengue fever Dengue fever, also known as break bone fever, is an acute febrile infectious disease caused by the dengue virus. Typical symptoms include headache, a petechial rash, and muscle and joint pains; in a small proportion the dis ease progresses to life-threatening complications such as dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome. Dengue is usually transmitted by the mosquito Aedes aegypti, and rarely Aedes albopictus. The virus has four different serotypes, and an infection with one usually gives lifelong immunity to it but only short-term immunity to the others. There is currently no available vaccine, but outbreaks can be prevented by reducing the habitat and number of mosquitoes, and limiting exposure to bites. Treatment of acute dengue is supportive, using either oral or intravenous rehydration for mild or moderate disease and blood transfusions for more severe cases. Rates of infection have increased dramatically over the last 50 years with approximate 50–100  million people being infected yearly. The disease has become global and is currently endemic in more than 110  countries with 2. 5  billion people living in areas where it is prevalent. Classification The World Health Organizations 2009 classification divides dengue fever into two groups: uncomplicated and severe. [1][2] This replaces the 1997 WHO classification, which was simplified as it was found to be too restrictive, but the older classification is still widely used. [2] The 1997 classification divided dengue into undifferentiated fever, dengue fever, and dengue hemorrhagic fever. 3] Dengue hemorrhagic fever was subdivided further into four grades (grade I–IV), with the two most severe being classified as dengue shock syndrome. [2] Signs and symptoms Infections from dengue virus range from asymptomatic, to a simple fever, to life threatening. [1] The incubation period (time between exposure and onset of symptoms) is 4–10 days. Most infections are very mild, and many probably experience no symptoms at all. [1][4] Most commonly symptoms include: sudden onset fever, headache (typically behind the eyes), muscle and joint pains, and a rash; the nickname break-bone fever comes from the associated muscle and joints pains. 1] If fever or other symptoms developed more than 14  days after returning from an endemic area, dengue is very unlikely. [3] The course of infection may be divided into three phases: febrile, critical, and recovery. [5] The febrile phase involves high fevers, frequently over 40  Ã‚ °C (104  Ã‚ °F) and associated with generalized pain and a headache; this usually lasts 2–7  days. [5] Flushed skin and some petechia (point-like hemorrhages in the skin) may occur at this point. [5] The critical phase follows the resolution of the high fevers and typically lasts one to two days. 5] During this phase there may be significant fluid accumulation into the thoracic cavity and abdominal cavity due to increased capillary permeability and leakage. This leads to depletion of fluid from the circulation and decreased blood supply to vital organs. [5] During this phase, organ dysfunction and severe bleeding (typically from the gastrointestinal tract) may occur. [3][5] Shock and hemorrhage occurs in less than 5% of all cases of dengue. [3] Those who have previously been infected with other serotypes of dengue (secondary infection) have an increased risk of developing severe complications. 3][6] The recovery phase occurs next if the person survives with resorption of the edematous fluids. [5] The improvement is often striking, but there may be striking itching and a slow heart rate. [3][5] It is during this stage that a fluid overload state may present with symptoms of cerebral edema such as an altered level of consciousness or seizures. [3] Prevention There are currently no approved vaccines for the dengue virus. [1] Prevention thus depends on control of and protection from the bites of the mosquito that transmits it. [7][17] The primary method of controlling Ae. aegypti is by eliminating its habitats. 7] This may be done by emptying containers of water or by adding insecticides or biological control agents to these areas. [7] Reducing open collections of water through environmental modification is the preferred method of control, given the concerns of negative health effect from insecticides and greater logistical difficulties with control agents. [7] People may prevent mosquito bites by wearing clothing that fully covers the skin and/or the application of insect repellent (DEET being the most effective). [8] There are ongoing programs working on a dengue vaccine to cover all four serotypes. 17] One of the concerns is, that a vaccine may increase the risk of severe disease through antibody-dependent enhancement. [18] The ideal vaccine is safe, effective after one or two injections, covers all serotypes, does not contribute to ADE, is easily transported and stored, and is both affordable and cost-effective. [18] A number of vaccines are currently undergoing testing. [13][18][19] It is hoped that the first products will be commercially available as early as 2015. Warning signs[2] Abdominal pain Ongoing vomiting Liver enlargement Mucosal bleeding High hematocrit with low platelets Lethargic Flood In Pakistan 2010 Flood In Pakistan The devastating flood in Pakistan had destroyed more than half of the economy of the country. The country which was already facing several other crises including terrorism,poverty,corruption,illiteracy    has now hit by another challenge in the form of flood. At this crucial time ,the world has pledge to help Pakistan in any form . U. N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon arrived in Pakistan on Sunday August 16 2010    to boost relief efforts as concerns grew about the 20 million people made homeless in one of the worst disasters to hit the country. Authorities said more flood surges were coursing down the River Indus and other waterways in southern Sindh province and were expected to peak later Sunday, causing fresh deluges. The river, which in better times irrigates the crops of millions of farmers, is 15 miles (25 kilometers) wide at some points— 25 times wider than during normal monsoon seasons. The United Nations said the rate of diarrheal disease continued to increase among survivors. Cholera, which can spread rapidly after floods and other disasters, had also been detected in the northwest, where the floods first hit more than two weeks ago. About 1,500 people have died in the disaster and more than 7. 9 million acres (3. 2 million hectares) of cotton, sugar cane and wheat crops destroyed. The International Monetary Fund has warned of dire economic consequences in a country already reliant on foreign aid to keep its economy afloat and one key to the U. S. -led war against al-Qaida and the Taliban. People are hesitating to give fund to Government    because of the corruption allegations against government as it was also seen at the time of Earth Quake disaster five years back.

Whos for the Game and Recruiting Essay Example

Whos for the Game and Recruiting Essay Example Whos for the Game and Recruiting Paper Whos for the Game and Recruiting Paper women at home would hand out white feathers to the men at home, like Pope women wouldnt have much respect for healthy men not joining up for the war. Mackintosh, like Pope uses language which would be understood by everyone, he uses phrases the men would be used to Lads, youre wanted, go and help' and then compares it to the realistic image of the trenches with Lads, youre wanted! Over there. He follows the tradition of simple propaganda. He reveals how tragic an existence in the trenches is with More poor devils like yourselves waiting to be killed by you. His simple and regular poem conveys to the reader that war is not a game but a very horrific event. Mackintosh singles out journalists in his poem Help to make the columns stuff for the blasted journalists since they are making profits out of the misery of war. Pope however does not appear to think that the journalists are doing any harm since her poem has been written for a newspaper. Mackintosh has respect for all the men in the war come and learn to live and die with honest men but he does not insult the men not joining the war effort like Pope does making them sound lazy taking a seat in the stand. Pope makes the war sound like a huge source of entertainment, referring to it as fun, with the added bonus of fighting for your country. Mackintosh keeps to his anti war status throughout the poem and regards signing up for the war as helping to swell the names in the causality list. Mackintosh ends his poem on a rather sinister but truthful note come and die. Joining the war was not as Pope described and the sad truth was Mackintoshs description was probably accurate. Jessie Pope ends her poem on a positive note making the reader feel their country actually needs them and are calling for you. Both these poems are effective in studying the literature of the First World War as they both present such different pictures. Mackintoshs poem is an excellent example of poetry portraying the realism of war whereas Popes poem is an admirable model of the unfortunate attitude cultivated on the home front. The contrast between the two allows the reader to see the reality of the First World War from two different perspectives.

Working Conditions Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Working Conditions - Research Paper Example This paper will specifically focus on safety standards employed at meatpacking industry across USA, which has mostly labored low waged immigrant and undocumented workers. Indeed, the number of rising accidents and injury rates has compelled policy-makers and pundits to formulate and implement new strategies that would ensure maximum safety of workers employed by meat industry. The author in this paper will analyze various recommendations provided by Human Right Watch institution. Indeed, the author will apply Utilitarian and Deontological business ethics concepts and theoretical frameworks to demonstrate the adequacy and feasibility of different recommendations, aimed to improve workplace practices for greater safety and creation of healthy and secure meatpacking environment. It should be pointed out that OSHA promised from concerned authorities that it would initiate training programs about effective meatpacking cleaning to firms that offer services to US meat and poultry industries. For instance, the concerned authorities and various institutions such as World-Herald also launched investigations to identify weaknesses in currently industry wide implemented practices and procedures. (USA labor Department, 2004) Human Rights Watch, a renowned international welfare institution, also came with relevant recommendations for safety of meat packing workers that will be discussed briefly in this section after they will be evaluated in the light of ethical concepts. The first recommendation was to develop ‘new state and federal laws to reduce the speed’ of automated production lines because workers are unable to adjust themselves in such fast production environment and unable to properly handle sophisticated machinery. In addition, the number of accidents has notably increased over recent years, which is an alarming issue that needs to be tackled at the earliest. Next

10 environmental science articles Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

10 environmental science articles - Article Example In 2008,twelve orphan chimpanzees were released back into the wild after being equipped with GPS tracking devices attached to collars.Six males and six females were released,all ranging between eight and twenty years of age,making this only the second time that captive chimpanzees were sent to live among wild chimpanzees Due to the tracking devices, researchers were able to monitor the activities of the chimpanzees, discovering that five of them created their own community in the area where they were originally released, two of which gave birth to healthy offspring. One of the other females integrated with success into a community of wild chimpanzees. By releasing the chimpanzees back into the wild, awareness programs and environmental education programs have increased, drawing attention from people who frequent the park. The release has also caused a halt in illegal hunting and fishing. It is because of the release that other sanctuaries are considering releasing some of their own b ack into the wild in the near future. These sanctuaries feel that the more people are educated about the animals being released, the more likely the animals will be able to survive in the wild without having to fear humans bringing harm to them or their environment. Article Quality The quality of the article could have been better. While it explained the benefits of releasing the chimpanzees into the wild and tracking them with GPS, the article could have gotten more into detail about how well the chimpanzees were adapting to their new surroundings. It also failed to go into detail about how people were being educated and supportive of the chimpanzees’ release. Article Topic The subject matter of this article is very interesting. There are often stories that are not so successful about animals being released into the wild. By using GPS to monitor the whereabouts and conditions of the chimpanzees, as well as informing people about the project, the release was able to be a succ ess. If other sanctuaries use similar tactics, perhaps more animal releases will be just as successful. Summary A study conducted by the Harvard School of Public Health revealed that an increased intake of berries is capable of decreasing the chances of men and women developing Parkinson’s disease. The study conducted also showed that men could decrease their chances even more by also eating apples, oranges, and other food items that contain flavonoids or anthocyanins, which have proven to be neuroprotective. Flavonoids and anthocyanins can be found in plants and fruits, but also in berries, chocolate, and citrus fruits. These dietary components are also known as vitamin P and citrin. This was the first study to focus on the impact of flavonoids on the development of Parkinson’s disease. The study consisted of 49,281 men and 80,336 women. They were each given a questionnaire that was used to determine the amount of flavonoids that each person took in on average. The co nnection between flavonoid intakes and risk of Parkinson’s disease was then analyzed. The participants were then followed for twenty years. During the twenty years, it was found that the more flavonoids that a male took in, the less of a chance he had at developing Parkinson’s. While women showed no significant results with flavonoids, it was revealed that women can decrease their risk by increasing their intake of anthocyanins. Article Quality The quality of the article is very good. It summarized the most important aspects of the study, such as who was involved, what took place, the results, and the importance of the study itself. However, the article could have gotten into more detail about the effects of flavonoids and anthocyanins and how they actually protect the brain. The article only informed the reader that these components are capable of protecting them, but it would be even more beneficial to know how. Article Topic The topic of the article is fascinating, informative, and very

Proctor reluctantly Essay Example for Free

Proctor reluctantly Essay This powerful line comes in act 4 when Proctor reluctantly confesses to seeing the devil. He is now passionate about making sure his name doesnt get put up on the church door. This is the line that starts the incredible build up of emotion and frustration leading to the dramatic climax of the play. Saying it with a cry of his whole soul shows how much his name means to him. There isnt a more emotional way he could say it than with his whole soul. John Proctor would rather give up his life than his name. The exclamation mark at the end and the word cry shows he should shout the words with a lot of emotion and passion. I can imagine the actor looking very angry and yelling the line with his arms spread and his fists clenched in rage at the prospect of losing his dignity and reputation. I think when he says the line the other charactors will be silenced and be shocked by his flood of emotion. This abrupt line would surprise the audience and it might make them sympathize with Proctor. In Act 2 John is asked by Hale to repeat the Ten Commandments and remembers all but thou shalt not commit adultery and has to be reminded of it by Elizabeth. It is ironic that Proctor forgets this sin because of the affair he had with Abigail. Adultery was seen as a terrible sin in the Puritan society and adultery was taken very seriously. From Elizabeths perspective this would make her feel uncomfortable as she is wounded by her husbands affair: Proctor (as though a secret arrow had pained his heart): Aye. The description Miller uses to show how Proctor should say the line is very dramatic and the simplicity of just using the word Aye will also have dramatic impact. I can imagine the actor almost whispering the word, dropping his head in shame and with a crack in his voice. This might have the effect of generating sympathy from the audience for both Elizabeth and John. It also adds to the build up of tension creating an expectant atmosphere. Arthur Miller is very good at making the audience feel very involved. One of the ways he does this is by using a technique called dramatic irony. Dramatic irony is when there is contradiction between what a character thinks and what the audience knows to be true. For example in Act 3 Proctor confesses to the court that he had an affair with Abigail. He tells them that Elizabeth knew about the affair and this is why his wife put Abigail out of the house. Danforth sends for Elizabeth and orders that no one is to speak to her and Proctor to turn his back. She is asked about the affair. Not knowing that Procter has confessed and trying to protect Proctor, she lies and denies all knowledge of the affair between John and Abigail. She realizes too late that she should have told the truth and she is led away. During this most tense scene the audience would feel very frustrated with Elizabeth and be willing her to tell the truth. The audience would feel sorry for Elizabeth as she lied to protect Proctor even though it was about his affair, which deeply hurt Elizabeth. At this point in the play I felt desperate for Elizabeth to tell the truth. Arthur Miller uses very powerful stage directions in The Crucible. He uses them for several reasons. One of the reasons is to describe a movement or action of a character. He directs this line at Mary Warren. His wife has just been arrested on suspicion of witchcraft after a poppet is found in her house, which Mary made. This movement prepares us for the dialogue, which is to follow: Proctor (moving menacingly towards her): You will tell the court how that poppet came here and who stuck the needle in. This shows the mood that Proctor is in. Proctor is furious at Mary and wants to scare her into telling the court. The movement would draw everyones attention towards the actor. I think the word menacingly would mean that the actor would walk purposely with an edge of threat towards the girl. He would tower over Mary ready for the dialogue. By this point the audience would be anticipating though his actions what would be going to happen next. In Act 4 Proctor is losing control and is confused about his decision of confessing to seeing the devil: (He moves as an animal, and a fury is riding in him, a tantalized search). This stage direction would enable the actor to behave in a dramatic, inhuman manner. I can imagine the actor pacing and his eyes searching for answers. It would give the actor the opportunity to take centre stage and exploit this important twist of the play. This would add dramatic tension and a feeling of anticipation of what Proctor was going to do next. I think the actor would pace up and down the stage quickly with his body quite tensed up. I think Arthur Miller was successful in creating tension in The Crucible. He does this through a variety of methods. Firstly his use of dark, forbidding sets. This gives the idea of tension before the scenes have even begun and the characters have started speaking. His use of dramatic dialogue and stage directions build up the tension and help the actors relate to the character and perform the play with more emotion towards the characters. Through dramatic irony he involves the audience and manages to maintain their interest throughout the play. Miller portrays the characters in an intense way. The relationships between them are very close, with the stifling intimacy of their lives adding to the slow build up of hysteria in the play. I found the most dramatic moment in the play was when Proctor confessed to his affair. Elizabeth was then asked if she knew about the affair but she denied all knowledge of this. This was a particularly tense moment because anxiety and frustration was high; the characters along with the audience wanted her to tell the truth, fearing the consequences of a lie. This had the affect of making me feel nervous that something could go wrong and also involved because I knew about Proctors confession. I felt that Abigails character was especially strong and influential in the play. She was the root of all the troubles. I felt pity for Elizabeth because of Abigail; her affair with Proctor and her accusations about Elizabeths involvement in witchcraft destroyed her life. Miller has the ability to pull the audience into the lives of the characters by his use of dramatic devices and theatrical techniques, which maintain interest and participation throughout the play. Miller made me feel nervous and frustrated in The Crucible. He made me feel sympathy, fear and anxiety towards the characters. For example I felt great empathy for Elizabeth Proctor as her husband betrayed her and then she was accused of being a witch. Miller uses the other characters to portray Elizabeth as a cold person but through our knowledge of her as the play progresses we become emotionally involved with her and come to realize what a strong courageous woman she is. With Elizabeth, as with many other characters, Miller allows us to make up our own minds about their honesty and strength as we are drawn into the characters lives and we begin understand the double standards and different tensions that are operating throughout The Crucible.